Matrix Hypothesis

The matrix is based on the philosophical story about the disembodied brain that was floating in a vat in a scientific laboratory where the experiment was conducted. In this case, the scientists connected the brain to the computer with world simulations to simulate the brain with the same input that the brain in a human body could receive and the output was recorded back to the computer.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Matrix Hypothesis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The brain in a vat was therefore in its normal state just as the normal brain in a human being only that it lacked the body of a human being and the brain viewed things just like any other person. Although the brain was in the laboratory and not in the body, it received an input that made it perceive that it was outside walking freely in the broad day light. This experiment about the brain raised many concerns about the beliefs of people hence the different hypotheses, which support or criticize the matrix. The matrix hypothesis suggests that human beings are in the same situation just like the brain in a vat although in matrix the cognitive system is computerized not as in the case of human beings where the cognitive system is natural. Envatted brains will have false beliefs as compared to the counterparts and this creates confusion since it is not easy to know whether someone is in a matrix or not. This results to the skeptical hypothesis since the matrix hypothesis seems to falsify most of the beliefs held by the people (Putnam 88). George Berkeley holds the view that brains in a vat are not deluded since they have correct beliefs about their own world. He says that appearance is reality because what people feel, see or taste are realized to be real through the interpretation of the brain. Reality can be viewed as the electrical signals, which are interpreted by the human brain. According to George Berkeley, real ity is what is perceived. Berkeley supports the view of the matrix hypothesis that human beings are in a matrix and disputes the view that the matrix hypothesis is skeptical using the idealism of reality. This therefore supports the view that what the brain in a vat believed is real (Bostrom 3).Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chalmers on the other hand uses the Metaphysical hypothesis to support the views of the matrix hypothesis that human beings are in a matrix. About metaphysical hypothesis, Chalmers argues that the brain and the laws of physics as well as world’s creations determine reality. In the metaphysical hypothesis, the physical processes are computational where the cognitive system is separate from the physical processes and that reality is created by those beings in the outside physical space and time. The hypothesis endorses Berkeley’s idealism by explaining the ordinary processes that underlie reality on that the processes in metaphysical are similar to those that take place in the matrix hypothesis. He therefore explains this view using the three hypotheses (Searle 85). The Creation Hypothesis According to this hypothesis, space-time in the physical world is determined by a supernatural being that controls the physical world from outside the space. It is therefore right to conclude that many people in the world can believe this hypothesis especially those who believe that God created the world and that God is outside the world. If it is true that God created the universe then the creation hypothesis is true and the matrix hypothesis is true. Chalmers therefore believes that he has the body while in a vat and that he is in Tucson even though he was in Australia (Searle 86). The Computational Hypothesis About this hypothesis, all processes in the space-time that involve computation are microphysical. This explains the vie w that physics is not the base of reality just like the microphysical processes, which underlie the chemical processes. This therefore explains that reality underlie some computational processes. Some scientists suggest that physical reality can be a result of interacting bits in the cellular automata governed by some principles. Bits in this case are pure differences united by basic states to create reality (Putnam 99).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Matrix Hypothesis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Mind-Body Hypothesis The hypothesis explains that the human mind is comprised of processes that are outside the physical space-time and it receives its input from the physical space-time and sends it back. This is explained further with the view that the human minds are nonphysical but they interact with the physical bodies (Searle 88). The metaphysical hypothesis therefore combines the three hypoth eses together to prove that the matrix hypothesis operates on the basis similar to the creation, mind-body, and computational hypothesis. It states that the world and its contents were created by beings outside the same world and that the computational processes constitute the microphysical processes. The three hypotheses about computation, creation and the body mind constitutes metaphysical hypothesis. It further states that the computational processes, which constitute the microphysical processes, are designed by being such as the computer in the case of the matrix hypothesis is designed. Metaphysical hypothesis and combination hypothesis are similar where one is a version of the other. However, the relationship among the three parts is specified in the metaphysical hypothesis (Putnam 100). Chalmers argues that the metaphysical hypothesis holds the same view as the matrix hypothesis. He uses the three areas to explain the hypothesis that is the body-mind, computational and the cre ation. According to metaphysical hypothesis human beings posses cognitive system in mind that is isolated. This is similar to matrix hypothesis on how input is received and processed in the mind (Bostrom 4). According to computational hypothesis, input is sent to the cognitive system from the external time-space and the feedback is sent back. About creation hypothesis, physically designed processes for informing the world create reality. According to the matrix hypothesis, human beings design computers that are used to send output to the cognitive system. This shows that the metaphysical hypothesis is linked to the matrix hypothesis. To accept the truth underlying reality as explained in the metaphysical hypothesis means accepting the matrix hypothesis. The domain constituting the cognitive system and computers designed by other human beings interact.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If one accepts the creation hypothesis of the world, he or she accepts the matrix hypothesis and the metaphysical hypothesis. The world is therefore made of interactions between human beings and microphysical computations, which are not part of them. This therefore explains the basic nature of reality (Bostrom 4). The matrix hypothesis can be viewed as the creation myth. The creation of the world took place long time ago when there were no people but the history exists right from the big bang and many other myths about the creation. In the matrix, the creator is a machine, which simulate the input and in the creation of the world, the nonphysical mind started to exist after the envatted cognitive systems were attached to the simulation (Bostrom 4). In the two hypotheses, there is a contrast that simulation is not real. The matrix hypothesis suggests that the simulation of physical processes in computers exist while the metaphysical hypothesis explains that the physical processes do not exist. The computational hypothesis tries to unite the two but it fails to some extent because as much as the computational level underlies physical processes, which are real, there are some computational processes that cannot yield reality. Simulation of physical reality requires computational elements with real particles. Details corresponding with the physical processes should therefore be involved in the computation. The other principle rests on an abstract computation, which can underlie the physical reality (Searle 89). The two hypotheses succeed in justifying that the matrix hypothesis is correct by saying that human beings are in a matrix. The beliefs of the brain in a vat are not a delusion as they are proofed to be correct. In addition, the fact that it is in the dark room does not imply being alone. This can be explained using the analogy that human beings have their mind outside physical space and time. For instance, when someone is in cold water the brain receives t he input that it is in the cold water but one may think that since the brain is not in the water it is therefore not exposed to the coldness. It would be wrong to conclude that the person in the cold water has a wrong belief. This proves that envatted beings have correct beliefs (Putnam 102). The fact that envatted beings may think that they are performing actions, which they are not or being in places that they have never been may create doubts but the two hypotheses try to explain the idea with relevant analogies. By the brain in a vat, believing that it is walking in Tucson does not mean that the belief is false. This is because the word â€Å"walking† could be inferring to different meanings depending on the language. The brain in a vat therefore performs the action of walking in its environment, which is of course, different from the environment someone could be. The beliefs held by the brains in a vat are therefore correct and cannot be seen as being skeptical (Bostrom 5). The aspect of not being sure whether one is in the matrix or not is further explained using real and virtual concept. For instance if one is in the matrix and refers to a certain word for example â€Å"head† the term will be referring to the virtual â€Å"head† and not the real â€Å"head†. The concepts are therefore made up of bits, which constitute the virtual concept in the matrix. The ways things are perceived by people differ since people have different views on which part of the bit is given to the virtual concepts as opposed to the real concepts. The two hypotheses failed to distinguish clearly the bits between the virtual for those in the matrix and bits to be used for real terms by those outside the matrix. Works Cited Bostrom, Newton. â€Å"Are You Living in A Computer Simulation†? Philosophical Quarterly 53 (2003): 243. Print Putnam, Henry. Reason, Truth, and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print Searle, Janet. â€Å" Can Computers Think†? In Minds, Brains, and Science. Massachusetts : Harvard University Press. 1984. Print This critical writing on Matrix Hypothesis was written and submitted by user Matilda B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sleep Process Research

Sleep Process Research Introduction Every human being in day to day life needs some rest from the normal activities by sleeping. Sleep is therefore defined as period that naturally occurs where the body rests from the daily activities and the mind being in a state of unconsciousness. There are said to have five sleep stages, which are divided in to two: the rapid eye movement and the non rapid eye movement during which the dreams occur.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Process Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One begins with the preparation to sleep -the waking sleep- where the eyes go on and off. In stage 1 last about five to ten minutes where there is slowing down of muscle activities. At this stage it is easy to awaken someone and he may end up feeling as if he hadn’t slept. During this stage the eyes are closed. In stage 2, one gets a light sleep whereby the body temperature goes down as well as the heart rate. In stages 3 and 4, someone experiences dead sleep, (Andrew, 2005). However, in stage 4 the sleep is much intense. There is the repeat of stage 3 and 2 after stage 4. Stages 1-4 are referred as the non rapid eye movement (NREM) period. In these stages one dream on memories of the episodes which might have happened during the day or the past days. The NREM period last up to around 90 minutes where one gets into stage five the rapid eye movement (REM) period. Here the dreams take another shape where the normal realities don’t make sense, for instance one can dream walking on water without sinking. At this stage the heart rate increases and the blood pressure rises. The five stages form a cycle and one may end up having 5 cycles at the end on the night, (Andrew, 2005). There are theories associated to why we dream, some of them include: to help solving of problems which cannot be solved in normal consciousness, to organize our mind in relation to many information and to cope with di fferent hard situations. We also dream as a result of impulses from the brain which are randomly developed. There are several consequences related to the disrupted sleep. Disrupted sleep during the night result into the poor working of person during the day where one ends up dozing in the afternoon when supposed to be taking a certain activity, it also disrupts the concentration of the mind. Disrupted sleep has been a high threat to the human health by increasing the risk of diseases such as heart attacks, obesity, and colon cancer among others (Andrew, 2005). Insufficient sleep may increase the hormones which do cause stress. This leads to the increase in the blood pressure in which many heart attacks are reported to be as a result of increased blood pressure (Pinel, 2009). In the blood vessels there is a lining which is influenced by sleep, and so many cases of strokes as well as the heart attacks have been known to happen in the morning as it’s when the body resumes workin g with high increased blood pressure.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Diabetes is said to be as a result of poor regulation of the blood in which at the same time people who are known to have insufficient sleep are at the same time reported to have problems in blood sugar regulation (Pinel, 2009). The body metabolic rate is said to be high at night and thus less sleep leads to poor metabolic rate. This has in turn resulted into many reported cases of obesity especially to women who sleep five hours or less. Insufficient sleep therefore has many negative effects which lead to reduced life span to a person (Davis, 2003). The bio-psychologist and the psycho-physiologist are said to play a great role in the sleep research. They have researched on the positive effects that the sleep has into a person as well as the negative effects involved when one lacks enough sleep. Out of th eir research results people are then in position to avoid these effects which are detrimental in to their health. They have a role on explaining the relationship between the sleep and the body biological functioning. They also have a role in further research on, the sleep and the relationship with the neurological problem or disorders. They are a number of sleep disorders of which the specifics causes have not been known like walking while sleeping. The bio-psychologist have then the role on researching the specific causes of which some of them are believed to be genetic as when the specific cause is known then the specific treatment on the same will be developed (Davis, 2003). The psycho-physiologists have a role in showing the relationship in psycho-physiological and the radical eye movement period. The science need to be applied for the hallucinations and dreams that people experience with the processes on full conscience. They have also a further role to research of the impact t hat the disorders such as insomnia to the body functioning which are unknown. There has been reported cases on psycho-physiological insomnias that are not caused by sleep loss thus they have a further role on researching on the same. Their role however cannot be under looked by the fact that many lives have been saved as a result of their research (Davis, 2003). References Andrew, W. (2005). Foundations of Biopsychology. London: Pearson, Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Process Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davis, S. (2003). Blackwell Handbooks of Research Methods in Psychology. New York: Wiley Blackwell. Pinel, John P.J. (2009). Biopsychology, 7 ed. Boston, MA: Pearson.

A Beautiful Mind

A Beautiful Mind Review If you ever wondered and wanted to experience how a person with schizophrenia thinks and acts, A Beautiful Mind is the perfect example. The movie tells the life story of John Nash. You get a point of view of a real person who struggles with schizophrenia in their everyday life. In this movie the phototype of schizophrenia is described as a person who lives their life thinking and believing that theres an actual living person or people they talk to, but in reality its Just delusions and hallucinations they are experiencing. They are the only ones who can see or hear them. Essentially, it is in their heads. Hallucinations may include things a person sees, hears, smells, or feels, that no one else can. Delusions are often false beliefs such as being followed or watched. The movie starts off in Nashs early years at Princeton, where he is not yet aware of he has schizophrenia. After Princeton, Nash married Alicia. When Alicia becomes pregnant with their child, Alicia notices that John is working late and at odd times and is becoming very paranoid. Alicia becomes concerned about him but John only shuts her out. This is when John Nashs world turned upside down. He believed he was secretly working for the government, decoding Russian codes. He comes to realize that the codes in the newspapers, the government spies, and the car chases were all delusions. Later in the movie Nash also learns that his old roommate was Just a hallucination as well. Princeton had no record of his friend Charles. After discovering that he had schizophrenia, Nash struggled with getting better. There were times where he would take his medication faithfully and times where he wouldnt. Alicia showed her love and dedication to her husband by staying with him and helping him through this struggle when both of their realities turned upside down. Thanks to the help of his wife and his friends Nash was able to return to his work. In 1994 John Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on game theory. I think that A Beautiful Mind was an amazing movie showing his story of how he coped with his schizophrenia. A Beautiful Mind By logelaJ

Effectiveness of Marketing Communication Strategies and Technologies Term Paper

Effectiveness of Marketing Communication Strategies and Technologies - Term Paper Example It is evident from the study that a well-designed and thoroughly crafted marketing communication strategy can provide a definite competitive advantage to an organization. If we look at the prevailing corporate scenario, we can conclude very amicably that there are numerous instances where a certain product failed because it was introduced in the market through an ineffective marketing strategy. The Russian automobile products are the classic examples in this regard. They fail in the market just because of their weak marketing communication strategies. It is very essential to understand the dynamics of a market in which the proposed marketing strategy is going to be launched. According to Joshi and Hanssens, marketing communication does not only contribute towards the maximization of organization’s profit but it also creates awareness among the masses regarding the choice of available products. So an effective market communication strategy can benefit the manufacturers as well as the consumers. Every marketing strategy should involve the meticulous comprehension and research regarding the internal and external environment. According to Jackie and Sudhir, the internal environment denotes the price, product, promotion and place (marketing mix). The external environment refers towards the evaluation of multifarious factors like market and competitor analysis. Some other factors like social, technological and economic conditions also fall in the domain of external environment study. Any successful marketing strategy should incorporate these aspects to achieve the optimum success. For an effective marketing campaign, correlation between the organization’s mission statement and its marketing communication strategy is also very significant. It is very interesting to see how a unidirectional approach of all the departments of an organization yields the maximum advantage to a certain organization. Service characteristics introduced by Lovelock and Wirtz (23 6-252, 2004): inseparability, intangibility, and heterogeneity are especially relevant when it comes to speaking about product positioning in terms of high-tech environment. Various conversation technologies: chat rooms, instant messages, that have become an indivisible part of a well-established service business owning a web-site are building communities among visitors thus contributing to establishment of inter-personal relationship and professional product positioning making customers come back to use this service over and over again. (Muhammad, 45-46, 1999) Incorporating technological solutions may deliver mechanisms that delight a customer. (Lovelock & Wirtz, 236-252, 2004). A service business must be maximizing its virtual ‘touch-point’ appeal, and must develop its virtual management tools (and metrics) set. Positioning concept is relatively new, it dates back only to the 70th, however, it has been significantly changed with the impact of technology. PR efforts ha ve always been an effective communication tool mainly due to the lack of control over what is printed. (Marken, 423-441, 1997) The new high tech era involves implementation of various technologies: pretty much everything from computer-telephony integration (CTI) to data warehousing and internet in order to stimulate the flow of information within and out of the organization. (Rosello, 96, 1997) The high-tech environment has taken place of uncontrolled press releases as means for successful PR programs, as internet is still far less controlled then the press.

Re-write this thesis as a research paper, instruction in assignment Paper - 1

Re-write this thesis as a , instruction in assignment criteria - Research Paper Example Sustainability tools require integration of resources, which are noticeably absent on practical research, and studies, which are conducted on individual tools. However, Leasing and Service Models provide examples of sustainability with regard to environmental benefits (Roy, 2000). This research paper aims to provide an understanding of sustainability in terms of technologies through tools and business models. Few suggestions and recommendations will be sought for Veolia and environmental technology in which they carry out their operations. Leasing and Service Models provide sustainable outcomes and benefits that are required by companies to establish themselves in commercial settings. It is seen that Leasing is on the increase (FLA (Finance & Leasing Association), 2013) due to current economic condition and benefits that the management has to offer in exchange (Lifset & Lindhqvist, 1999). These leasing businesses have grown over a period of time. They have gained popularity providing sustainability outcomes, though more research is required as most of the information is outdated. Service Models have also grown, previously there was a traditional product purchase system and now through advancement of technologies service based models are established (Kindstrà ¶m, 2010). The Research design involves data research of Veolia and Imperial experts, which are applied on each other in order to evaluate and form a framework. The main agenda behind the study generates ideas through telephonic conversations with Veolia, which will help in analyzing the research. Moreover, the roles of Imperial experts in the form of supervisor and CEP Veolia Team will provide a conceptual framework to conduct analysis and study. Research is also undertaken from case studies, literature review etc. Literature Review provides an understanding of strengths, weaknesses and critical examination of the relevant literature, which are not just providing the academic research

Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement Essay Example for Free

Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement Essay 1. Key Information Module title: Introduction to People, Organisations and Management Module Leader: Hermione McIntosh Chelmsford/Michael Ashcroft Building/ Room MAB 301 Every module has a Module Definition Form (MDF) which is the officially validated record of the module. You can access the MDF for this module in three ways: * the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) * the My. Anglia Module Catalogue at www. anglia. ac. uk/modulecatalogue * Anglia Ruskin’s module search engine facility at www. anglia. ac. uk/modules All modules delivered by Anglia Ruskin University at its main campuses in the UK and at partner institutions throughout the UK and overseas are governed by the Academic Regulations. You can view these at www. anglia. ac. uk/academicregs. A printed extract of the Academic Regulations, known as the Assessment Regulations, is available for every student from your Faculty Office (all new students will have received a copy as part of their welcome pack). In the unlikely event of any discrepancy between the Academic Regulations and any other publication, including this module guide, the Academic Regulations, as the definitive document, take precedence over all other publications and will be applied in all cases. 2. Introduction to the Module This 30 credit module covers four key areas. The organisational context: This module allows students to explore the organisational context and will furnish students with tools to analyse the organisational environment and the degree of dynamism and complexity in which organisations operate. Students will be encouraged to examine organisational responses to environmental turbulence. The development and impact of organisational culture will also be assessed. Organisation structures and approaches to management: Students will analyse the changes to organisational structure and architecture and the evolution from self-contained structures to boundaryless organisations. Approaches to management from scientific management to postmodern organisations will be evaluated and the way groups and teams are formed and structured. Motivation will also be examined as a motivated workforce can be a sign of a successful organisation and students will be encouraged to reflect critically on theories of motivation and apply them to real life situations and case study scenarios. Management processes: Intensified competition, technological innovation and increased knowledge intensity has resulted in a pattern of ‘repeat change’. The results of change programmes are often disappointing and students will examine the triggers for change, why change is resisted and organisations’ approaches to change management. This module will also investigate the difference between leadership and management and critically evaluate classical and contemporary approaches to leadership theory and the role power and politics play in organisational life. Individuals in the organisation: This part of the module focuses on individual differences. The ability to learn, and to continue learning, for individuals and organisations, is crucial in the 21st century. Students will be introduced to a number of learning theories which affect management practices and will have an overview of the learning organisation. Students will examine the role that personality and perception play in shaping and directing our own and other people’s behaviour. The role of communication will also be investigated as communication affects organisation performance and also individual career prospects. Students will therefore be equipped with a robust intellectual framework for analysing and understanding the past, present and future influences on their own thinking, attitudes, values and behaviours and to reflect on how these might impact their effectiveness and performance in practice. Please also refer to Sections 6a and 6b of the MDF. 3. Intended Learning Outcomes. Anglia Ruskin modules are taught on the basis of intended learning outcomes and on successful completion of this module, you will be expected to be able to demonstrate that you have met these outcomes. On successful completion you will be able to: 1. Understand and critically evaluate the underlying principles and concepts of the nature of organisations. 2. Understand and appreciate the contribution of effective people management to the success of organisations. 3. Explore a range of theories developed to aid the understanding of learning and human behaviour, reflecting on their learning experiences and career development. 4. Examine the application of theories in real world organisational settings. 5. Apply a range of theories and concepts on organisational design, structure and management in the analysis of managing employees with specific reference to leadership, power, motivation and teamwork. 6. Use simple psychometric and related instruments for self-analysis and learning tools for goal-setting, problem-solving and personal reflective practice within a framework for personal and career development. 4. Outline Delivery. Wk| Lecture A People| Lecture B – Organisation Management| Reading (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010)| 1| Introduction to Part A of the module. Individual behaviour and personality| Introduction to Part B of the module. What is an organisation? Introduction to organisational behaviour. Orientation to work and the work ethic.. | Chapters 1 and 6| 2| Personality theories in the workplace. | The organisation’s environment. Business ethics and corporate social responsibility. | Chapters 2, 3 and 6| 3| Perception. | Organisational culture and socialisation. | Chapters 4 and 8| 4| Attitudes and values. | Organisational structure and architecture. | Chapters 15 and 17; Brooks Chapter 3| 5| Learning as a process. The Behaviourist and Cognitive approaches. | Approaches to organisations and management. (1)| Chapters 5, 14 and16| 6| Learning in practice and the Learning Organisation| Approaches to organisations and management (2)| Chapters 5, 14 and 16,| 7| Motivation: content theories| Groups and teams at work. | Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, 13| 8|. Motivation: process theories| Organisational change| Chapters 9 and 18| 9| Communication| Leadership (part 1)| Chapters 7 and 19| 10| Career management and choices| Leadership (part 2)| Chapter 19| 11| Reflective practice and managing self. | Power in organisations| Chapter 22| 12| Module review. | Module review| | 4. 1 Attendance Requirements Attending all your classes is very important and one of the best ways to help you succeed in this module. In accordance with the Student Charter, you are expected to arrive on time and take an active part in all your timetabled classes. If you are unable to attend a class for a valid reason (eg: illness), please contact your Module Tutors. Anglia Ruskin will closely monitor the attendance of all students and will contact you by e-mail if you have been absent without notice for two weeks. Continued absence can result in the termination of your registration as you will be considered to have withdrawn from your studies. International students who are non-EEA nationals and in possession of entry clearance/leave to remain as a student (student visa) are required to be in regular attendance at Anglia Ruskin. Failure to do so is considered to be a breach of national immigration regulations. Anglia Ruskin, like all British Universities, is statutorily obliged to inform the Border and Immigration Agency of the Home Office of significant unauthorised absences by any student visa holders. 5. Assessment This module will be assessed through two pieces of coursework which will allow you to evidence the demands of this module and meet the learning outcomes (see sections 7 and 9 of the MDF). Both pieces of coursework have a word limit of 3,000 words and have a 50% weighting. The assignment hand-in date is Tuesday, 8 May, 2012. All coursework assignments and other forms of assessment must be submitted by the published deadline which is detailed above. It is your responsibility to know when work is due to be submitted – ignorance of the deadline date will not be accepted as a reason for late or non-submission. All student work which contributes to the eventual outcome of the module (ie: if it determines whether you will pass or fail the module and counts towards the mark you achieve for the module) is submitted via the iCentre using the formal submission sheet . Academic staff CANNOT accept work directly from you. If you decide to submit your work to the iCentre by post, it must arrive by midday on the due date. If you elect to post your work, you do so at your own risk and you must ensure that sufficient time is provided for your work to arrive at the iCentre. Posting your work the day before a deadline, albeit by first class post, is extremely risky and not advised. Any late work (submitted in person or by post) will NOT be accepted and a mark of zero will be awarded for the assessment task in question. You are requested to keep a copy of your work. Feedback. You are entitled to written feedback on your performance for all your assessed work. For all assessment tasks which are not examinations, this is provided by a member of academic staff completing the assignment coversheet on which your mark and feedback will relate to the achievement of the module’s intended learning outcomes and the assessment criteria you were given for the task when it was first issued. Examination scripts are retained by Anglia Ruskin and are not returned to students. However, you are entitled to feedback on your performance in an examination and may request a meeting with the Module Leader or Tutor to see  your examination script and to discuss your performance. Anglia Ruskin is committed to providing you with feedback on all assessed work within 20 working days of the submission deadline or the date of an examination. This is extended to 30 days for feedback for a Major Project module (please note that working days excludes those days when Anglia Ruskin University is officially closed; eg: between Christmas and New Year). Personal tutors will offer to read feedback from several modules and help you to address any common themes that may be emerging. At the main Anglia Ruskin University campuses, each Faculty will publish details of the arrangement for the return of your assessed work (eg: a marked essay or case study etc. ). Any work which is not collected by you from the Faculty within this timeframe is returned to the iCentres from where you can subsequently collect it. The iCentres retain student work for a specified period prior to its disposal. To assure ourselves that our marking processes are comparable with other universities in the UK, Anglia Ruskin provides samples of student assessed work to external examiners as a routine part of our marking processes. External examiners are experienced academic staff from other universities who scrutinise your work and provide Anglia Ruskin academic staff with feedback and advice. Many of Anglia Ruskin’s staff act as external examiners at other universities. On occasion, you will receive feedback and marks for pieces of work that you completed in the earlier stages of the module. We provide you with this feedback as part of the learning experience and to help you prepare for other assessment tasks that you have still to complete. It is important to note that, in these cases, the marks for these pieces of work are unconfirmed as the processes described above for the use of external examiners will not have been completed. This means that, potentially, marks can change, in either direction! Marks for modules and individual pieces of work become confirmed on the Dates for the Official Publication of Results which can be checked at www. anglia. ac. uk/results. ASSIGNMENT ONE Module Title: Introduction to People, Organisations and Management Module Code:BB130020SLevel: 1 Academic Year: 2011/12Semester: Two Module Leader:Hermione McIntosh. Instructions:See below Word Limit: 3000 words % Weighting:50% Written assignments must not exceed the specified maximum number of words. Assignments will not be accepted without a word count on the cover sheet. Submission Date:Tuesday, May 8, 2012 Work submitted after this date will receive a mark of 0 unless an extension has been approved in advance of this deadline. Requests for short-term extensions will only be considered in the case of illness or other cause considered valid by the Student Adviser. These must normally be received and agreed by Student Adviser in writing at least twenty four hours prior to the deadline. Please refer to the Academic Regulations or your Student Handbook for full details. Further details:This assignment must be completed individually. This assignment must be attached to a completed University Assignment Cover Sheet and accompanied by a completed University Assignment Receipt before submission. Any attachments (such as computer discs) must be marked with your SID number(s) and securely attached to your assignment before submission. Do not submit your work in a plastic sleeve. TASK Read the two organisational case studies attached and provide a critical comparative analysis of them in academic report format. You should consider how the two organisations differ in the way they operate and in the way they are managed. In particular, you should focus on the following areas: * Organisational design and structure * Teams and teamworking * Approach to leadership and management * Organisational culture Your analysis must be supported by relevant theories and concepts that have been covered in the module and you must demonstrate that you have read widely around the subject area and used this reading to support the arguments you are making. Do not rely solely on the key text but use a range of academic texts and journal articles. Refer to the reading list in your module guide for further guidance. It is essential that you use the Harvard Referencing System and it is recommended that you download the University’s Guide to the Harvard Referencing System from the library website. Assessment weighting for written assignment The following assessment weighting is provided for guidance: Introduction| 10%| Analysis of issues including use of the literature to support arguments| 60%| Conclusion and recommendations| 20%| Presentation and structure of the report including written expression and referencing| 10%| Case Study One Case study 1: Biogenta plc. Biogenta is a world-leading business, producing crop-protection products (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides). It currently employs 15,000 employees in over 80 countries and has manufacturing facilities in 10 countries. It is organised into four major functional areas: Research and Development, Manufacturing, Sales and Marketing and, finally, Support (covering financial services, human resources and legal services). Jane Morgan, the Chief Executive Officer of Biogenta, is a strong role model for her staff and has developed a mission and a set of values based on extensive consultation with Biogenta’s stakeholders. Biogenta’s mission is to be the most trusted provider of crop-protection products in the world and their values include: Be adventurous, creative and open-minded Pursue growth and learning Be passionate and determined Build open and honest relationships Create fun These values have been embedded in the culture of the organisation. Jane is deeply respected and many of her staff have even called her inspirational. She is very motivational and communicates high expectations of all staff. Her aim has always been to empower her staff and to stimulate staff to be  creative and innovation so that they try novel approaches and develop ground-breaking new products. Biogenta is committed to innovation and sees this as a major strength. It has a strong focus on recruiting extremely able and highly motivated employees. It is also committed to investing heavily in their development. As well as recruiting highly educated staff, many of whom are educated to doctorate level, the company offers numerous in-house training courses covering both technical and personal development issues. As a global organisation Biogenta wants to recruit the brightest and the best from all over the world. In Cambridge, alone, one of its four research and development ‘hubs’, it employs people of 20 different nationalities. It offers generous support to employees who want to further their education and training by paying fees and giving time off to attend courses. It also offers generous perks, such as opportunities for sabbaticals or gap years and subsidising gym membership. Office environments and even factories are designed to be light, pleasant places to work, with the company sponsoring a large amount of art work and landscaping to enhance the environment. It is also a major sponsor of a number of exhibitions and museums around the world with a ‘biological science’ theme. Staff are encouraged to contribute to community work, and the company sponsors a number of projects working with schools in a number of countries on biological science projects. Although Biogenta has a traditional structure, as would be expected of an organisation of this size, Jane believes that structures, job titles and power can put barriers up between people and inhibit innovation and performance. She believes it is far more effective to put her faith in people and in teamwork and there is minimal hierarchy. Although almost all employees work in one of the four functional areas mentioned above, the organisation also promotes cross-functional working in project teams, some of which are virtual teams. Project working is seen as essential to achieving constant product improvement and innovation. These teams can be large or small, short term or fairly long in duration. It recognizes that getting people from different functions to work effectively together can be a challenge and it has a number of ways of trying to minimise these, including the use of technology. Many of the support staff have at least undergraduate degrees in science subjects. For example Jacqueline Baryomunsi works in the marketing team but she has a degree in Biology, although she was later sponsored by Biogenta to do an MBA. Although originally based in Cambridge, she was recently posted to a nine month international assignment in South Africa where she worked on a project to develop a new herbicide, working with a team of four others. This included Jonathan Etherington, who has a PhD in chemistry from the USA and has been working on production in one of Biogenta’s manufacturing bases in Italy until recently. The other team members included two people from Biogenta’s research and development function (both based in South Africa) and the team was led by Kathryn Tate, originally from Australia, who has a PhD in molecular biology and is based within Biogenta’s support function as an IT specialist. This project involved long working hours but Kathryn Tate also made sure the team had time for some fun: team members spent quite a lot of time together outside work, even, on one occasion managing to go shark-fishing as well as regularly sampling the night life of Durban. (This is a fictional case study.) Case Study Two OUTBACK INC. Setting Tourism is a strong contributor to Australia’s economy, with over a half million people employed in the sector, and tourism spending reaching over $85 billion a year. The country promotes its beautiful landscapes, Aboriginal art and cultures, coastal lifestyles and the outback as the main attractions for visitors. Australia’s top five international tourism markets are New Zealand, the UK, Japan, the USA and China. Visitor numbers from China and India have grown strongly, while the number of Japanese and Korean tourists has declined in the last few years. China is now Australia’s fifth largest international tourism market, brining it into second place with New Zealand, and this is set to grow over the next decade. However, Australia’s share of global tourism continues to drop, with a decrease of 14 per cent between 1995 and 2008. Since its peak in 2001, it has also declined as a proportion of Australia’s gross domestic product. The Australian tourism industry continues to struggle from the effects of a series of crises, starting with a pilot strikes in 1989 and the worldwide economic outfalls of the Iraq War and the SARS outbreak. More recently, after four strike free years at Qantas, there has been a bitter pay dispute which closed the airline down in October this year. Qantas passengers could face further delays and cancellations after one of the unions locked in a wage dispute threatened more strikes and legal action if the airline did not improve its pay offer. Skilled staff shortages are also contributing to Australia’s tourism industry troubles, with an estimated 42,000 employees needed by 2015. Outback Inc Established in the early 1990s, Outback is an adventure-based tour company located in Sydney, Australia. The company offers a variety of services, including guided tours, accommodation and meals, to those wishing to visit remote and regional areas of Australia. Outback’s comprehensive packages of services have traditionally appealed to travellers from all over the world, particularly visitors from Japan, who typically make up over 80 per cent of their client base, but its product offering has not been updated for a number of years. Profitability has now been on a downward trend for some time and there is no clear vision or detailed strategy to move the company forward. Despite increased marketing efforts aimed at the general Asian market, the company has seen a decrease in bookings from its traditionally reliable Japanese sector. The poor exchange rate has negatively affected tourist numbers from the U. K. and Outback has yet to attract new clients from China or other Asian countries experiencing more favourable economic conditions. Although Outback grew from a small, family-owned business in the early 1990s to a moderately sized company with sales of several million dollars a year, it still retains its original functional organisational structure. Its Chief Executive Officer is a son of the original founder and his autocratic style of leadership, although dressed up in paternalism, has meant that he is not prepared to listen to staff members, particularly those at the lower end of the hierarchy. Outback’s managers, typically members of the company’s founding family, head up the various departments, which are structured around traditional functions such as marketing, finance and human resources. In order to satisfy the needs of family members, there are a number of hierarchical levels within the organisation which often negatively affects the organisation. There is limited teamwork and virtually no cross-functional working with each of the functions operating in a silo. At times this has resulted in a poor service to clients where their expectations have not been met, and the company has recently received some bad press in the Asian tourist magazines and newspapers. Although this is an adventure-based tour company, it is not a fun place to work and the culture and leadership style stifle creativity. As with most organisations in the hospitality field, the Outback management uses a traditional leadership style, with decisions made at the top levels of management and communicated downwards. The majority of Outback’s employees are young, highly motivated and eager for learning opportunities, but the company struggles to regain them, facing a turnover rate higher than even what is expected in an industry with a notorious turnover culture. Although the company does have its own website, management has been hesitant to move away from using standard travel agencies for their client booking purposes, which is relatively costly. Many of the younger staff have ideas on how to improve the product range, the service offered to clients and how to target the all important Asian market, but have given up voicing their ideas as these have not been listened to in the past and they are concerned about being blamed for the rise in client complaints. (This is a fictional case study which has been adapted from Bratton et al. , 2010) Specific assessment criteria for assignment one 70% + Extensive knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. A deep level of critical analysis has been provided throughout with coherent and convincing arguments made. Theory and practice (case studies) have been integrated convincingly. Analysis is supported by extensive reading (academic texts and journal articles). Conclusion is convincing, relevant and holistic. Written expression and referencing are excellent resulting in a credible assignment which is well-structured, concise and demonstrates clarity of thought. 60 – 69% Good knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. A good level of critical analysis is demonstrated and arguments are clear and structured. Theory and practice (case studies) have been integrated well. Analysis is supported by significant background reading (academic texts and journals). Conclusion summarises the key issues convincingly. Good referencing with consistent citation and listing. Written expression is good resulting in an assignment which is well-structured, clear and concise. 50 – 59% Sound knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. Generally good analysis is demonstrated and arguments are clear and structured. Theory and practice (case studies) have been integrated. Analysis is supported by background reading (academic texts). A satisfactory conclusion is included. An appropriate structure is used and style of writing is satisfactory. Referencing is to satisfactory standard. 40 – 49% Some knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. The assignment is more descriptive than analytical, but arguments are sufficiently identifiable and free of obvious contradiction. Limited integration of theory and practice (case studies). Limited background reading from academic sources to support the work. Conclusion is drawn, but not all key issues are included. The assignment is adequately referenced with an appropriate structure. Written expression is satisfactory, but there are weaknesses in the presentation. Fail – 39% and below Very limited knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. The assignment is very descriptive with poor application of relevant theories, concepts and models. Minimal evidence of further reading. No or limited conclusion. The report is weakly referenced and the structure is inadequate. Written expression is poor resulting in an assignment which lacks clarity. Overall the task is poorly presented and argued and does not achieve an adequate standard. ASSIGNMENT TWO Module Title: Introduction to People, Organisations and Management Module Code:BB130020SLevel: 1 Academic Year: 2011/12Semester: Two Module Leader:Hermione McIntosh Instructions:Answer all four questions Word Limit: 3000 words % Weighting:50% Written assignments must not exceed the specified maximum number of words. Assignments will not be accepted without a word count on the cover sheet. Submission Date:Tuesday, May 8, 2012 Work submitted after this date will receive a mark of 0 unless an extension has been approved in advance of this deadline. Requests for short-term extensions will only be considered in the case of illness or other cause considered valid by the Student Adviser. These must normally be received and agreed by Student Adviser in writing at least twenty four hours prior to the deadline. Please refer to the Academic Regulations or your Student Handbook for full details. Further details:This assignment must be completed individually. This assignment must be attached to a completed University Assignment Cover Sheet and accompanied by a completed University Assignment Receipt before submission. Any attachments (such as computer discs) must be marked with your SID number(s) and securely attached to your assignment before submission. Do not submit your work in a plastic sleeve. Complete ALL four of the following tasks. 1. What is personality? And what relevance has this concept to understanding behaviour in the workplace? 2. â€Å"Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge through experience which leads to an enduring change in behaviour. † (Huczynski Buchanan, 2010, p. 732) Explain this statement, showing how it relates to a learning theory that you have studied on this module and to your own approach to learning. 3. One way to understand different motivation theories is to interview your peers on what is important to them when choosing a job. Form a diverse study group, and discuss the following: How important is pay in choosing a job when you graduate? Is personal autonomy important in your work motivation? Explain your findings and discuss them in relation to appropriate motivation theory. 4. Choose FOUR barriers to communication and suggest, as a manager, how you might overcome such barriers. Within the 3,000 overall word limit, you should allocate words equally to each of the 4 tasks above. You should also illustrate your answer by referring to relevant literature, theory and experience. Each question is equally weighted in terms of the assessment marking. Specific Assessment Criteria for these written tasks: 70% + Extensive knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. A considerable depth of application has been achieved with the literature and examples of practice. A high level of insight and thought is evident throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is supported by extensive reading. Written expression and referencing are excellent; ideas are well structured, balanced, and succinct and demonstrate clarity of thought. 60-69% A good grasp of knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. A very good depth of application has been achieved with the literature and examples of practice. A significant level of insight and thought is evident throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is supported by good background reading. Written expression is of a very good standard and referencing is strong with consistent citation and listing. The ideas are well structured, balanced, and clear and concise 50-59% Sound knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. Generally good application has been achieved with the literature and examples of practice. There is evidence of insight and thought throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is supported by background reading. Written expression and referencing is of a satisfactory standard. The ideas are fairly well structured, and clear and concise. 40-49% Some knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. Generally the work is more descriptive than applied. Limited evidence of insight and thought throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is limited, and not all the key issues are addressed. Written expression and referencing is of a satisfactory standard, but there are weaknesses in the presentation. Fail 30-39% Very limited knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. The work is very descriptive with poor application of relevant theories and concepts. Minimal evidence of insight, thought and analysis. Written expression is poor resulting in writing which lacks clarity. Poor presentation overall, and does not achieve an adequate standard. 6. Assessment Criteria and Marking Standards ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY GENERIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND MARKING STANDARDS LEVEL 1 GenericLearning Outcomes(Academic Regulations, Section 2)| Assessment criteria by level| Marking standards (by mark band)| | | 70%+| 60-69%| 50-59%| 40-49%| 30-39%| 1-29%|. | Characteristics of student achievement per mark band | Achieves module outcome/s related to this GLO at this Level of Study| Achieves module outcome/s related to this GLO at this Level of Study| Achieves module outcome/s related to this GLO at this Level of Study | Achieves a marginal pass in the module outcome/s related to this GLO at this Level of Study| Fails marginally to achieve module outcome/s related to this GLO. MDF may permit compensation | Fails to achieve module outcome/s related to this GLO and is not eligible for compensation | Knowledge and Understanding | Level 1 (FHEQ level 4) intr.

An Ergonomic Evaluation Of The Kinesis Computer Keyboard :: essays research papers

An Ergonomic Evaluation of the Kinesis Computer Keyboard 1. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this information-technology age, everyday tasks are more and more related to computer. That ranges from basic jobs such as providing food recipes for housewives to complicated ones such as analyzing laboratory experimental data for scientists and engineers. This popularity of computer means that the time one has to spend with computer would be a lot more than in the past. Until now, the computers and computer peripherals in the market have been made according to the same design as the ones invented decades ago when computers are used only in large-scale scientific projects or big corporations. That means for most people the ergonomic value of these products obviously was not taken into account when designing them. Fortunately, at the moment, more companies are trying to change the way people work with computer by marketing a number of ergonomic products most notably keyboard, mouse and monitor. There are ergonomic keyboards, mice and monitors being released all the time. The reason why the focus is on these products is that they are the parts of computer one interfaces with the most while working with computer. The subject of whether these ergonomic keyboards, mice, monitors and other products really work attracts a lot of regular computer users. Thus, studies dedicated to it have been done. This report is based on one of the studies about an ergonomic keyboard from a manufacturer called Kinesis. This study looks not only on the effect of the keyboard on the users' body by mean of electromyographic activity but also on the learning rate of the users changing to this new style of keyboard. This is very useful since slow learning rate would lead to the decrease in effectiveness of work. Introduced in 1868 by Christopher Sholes, computer keyboard is still the primary data entry mode for most computer users. With the increase of computer, hence keyboard, usage at the moment, these problems of the keyboard users known as operator stress problems have developed. This is a kind of cumulative trauma disorders which is mainly caused by working excessively or repetitively with the same thing, keyboard, in this case, in the same position for a long period of time. This kind of disorder is considered to be the most expensive and severe one occurring in office environment. This leads to an amount of alternative designs introduced in the market with the main intention of reducing muscular stress required for typing. The reason why these designs have not yet replaced the old one is because of the familiarity of the

Thematic Study on A.K.Ramanujans Poetry

Introduction: A. K. Ramanujan is one of the interesting poets in the 20th century Indian English literature. His timeline is between 1929 and 1994. His poetry attained its popularity in 1960s. He is considered as the voice of modern India, though he shows his deep root in Indian tradition and culture. Among his contemporaries A. K. Ramanujan seems grave and sincere due to variety of themes prevailed in his poetry. He is not only a poet but also the greatest translator. He is famous for his translations rather than other creative works. His Major Works: An astonished classic Ramanujan has written numerous poems. They were gathered and put in four volumes under one title The Collected Poems. Of these four volumes The Striders, Relations, and Second Sight were published in his life time. His fourth collection The Black Hen was published after his life time in 1995. He is a transnational figure and trans-disciplinary scholar. His academic research ranged across five languages: Tamil, Kannada, English, Telugu and Sanskrit. His major translation works are The Interior Landscapes: Love Poems from a Classical Tamil Anthology, Speaking of Shiva and Hymns for the Drowning. Themes in his Poetry: His Collected poems represents the rich sensitivity, intellectual rigour and feeling. Most of his poems though intensely personal, have a universal dimension of their own. The main themes of his poetry are Indian culture and tradition, family and relations, past memories, art, love, despair, death, myth, hybridism, etc. ,. They are full of humour, irony, paradox and sudden reversals. He is really a poet of memory, commotion, childhood impressions, fear, sorrow, common sufferings and conflicts. Art as a Theme: The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting and sculpture is known as ‘art’. Poetry and other works produced by such skill and imagination can be come under this productive term ‘art’. In the poem â€Å"The Black Hen† Ramanujan portrays the art of writing poetry. He explains that poetry should come naturally as leaves come to a tree. This natural way of writing the poetry is evidenced through the lines: It must come as leaves to a tree or not at all. (1-3) Further the following lines, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the black hen with the red round eye n the embroidery stitch by stitch. (5-8) -show the painful and troublesome kind of writing poetry. Here the poet compares the black hen with the poetry. The term ‘embroidery’ refers to the luxurious and decorative work which is done for the poetry. The phrase ‘stitch by stitch’ indicates the hard labour done for writing poet ry. The poet also expresses the respectful fear of the poets through the lines: the black hen stares with its round red eye and you are afraid. (11-13) According to the poet if a creative work is done once, fear grips the maker or he stares at his own work. Thus the entire poem â€Å"Black Hen† deals with the symbol of art and creativity. The image of the black hen symbolizes poetry. Theme of Time: Time is a dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and intervals between them. Time has long been a major subject of study in religion, philosophy, science and art. Ramanujan focusses on the theme of time in his poem â€Å"At Zero† The first stanza of the poem â€Å"At Zero† has an image of clock. The poet says that â€Å"when the clocks lose their tongues† and â€Å"when the hands fall off† there will be no occurrence of sound. There is a symbol of zero with this silence of clock. It is also the symbol of emptiness too. The image of clock and pendulum in the clock surely reveal the passage of time. There are further more references of time through the lines: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ time pieces on wrists and towers lose time. (5-7) In Ramanujan’s view, the time is totally lost by the time pieces on wrists and towers. Though the first stanza speaks about the loss of time, the second stanza concentrates on the motion of time, which is considered as the victory of time. The lines which express the victory of time are following: though the wheels turn, the cogs catch: at the centre of the white, black, or coin face, the axle, dot of metal, turns continually:†¦.. (10-14) Here the phrase ‘turns continually’ perfectly matches with the movement of time. The two hands of the clock and twelve numbers certainly indicate the time and its message. Ramanujan opines that the twelve numbers say nothing when they are not touched by the two hands inserted in the clock. He additionally tells that time just keeps on moving. In an airport people are waiting for their flight to take off, they go on measuring the time. In Ramanujan’s description their eyes look but can’t see anything and their ears listen but cannot hear anything. At any place at anytime, time is not going to stop its function. It moves on and does its duty. It remembers the readers an Indian proverb â€Å"Time and tide waits for none†. Theme of Indian Culture and Tradition: Each country of the world has its own culture, with many customs, traditions and refined qualities. The culture of India refers to the religions beliefs, customs, traditions, languages, ceremonies, arts, values and the way of life in India and its people. Ramanujan’s poetry reveals his strong faith in Indian culture and tradition. The second stanza of the poem â€Å"At Zero† starts with the line â€Å"blank Brahmin-widow faces†. This blank widow faces make the readers to remember a typical Indian widow. It expresses the Hindu way of life in India. The last stanza of the poem concentrates on the potter-saint, who is ready to offer his child to God. He resembles a typical Indian saint and the ancient culture of India. The lines about the potter-saint are: †¦.. potter-saint singing hymns, dancing his god, kneaded with his feet the soft red clay, burying alive his youngest child. (38-42) The potter-saint considers his job only to pray to God. Ramanjuan has given a biblical reference here. Moreover the potter-saint resembles biblical character Abraham. His poem â€Å"Fire† also has a certain Indian traditions. It has a paradoxical view on fire. It symbolizes both creation and destruction of fire. The second stanza of the poem â€Å"Fire† portrays the destruction of fire with the lines: Ordinary wood blocks delivered at the door. A box of matches bought at the corner store. And here this supernatural fire that can burn the house down, maybe the whole neighbourhood, (7-10) Here the term the ‘supernatural fire’ makes the readers to think of Indian rituals which can be done with fire. Theme of Hindu Culture: The Indian Hindu culture is a culture of love, respect, honoring others and humbling one's own ego so that the inner nature, which is naturally pure and modest, will shine forth. He has described some of the important Hindu traditions and culture of India. His poem â€Å"Of Mothers, among Other Things† is concentrated on the descriptions of his mother, where there are certain elements of Hindu mythology. In the third stanza her hands are compared with an eagle: a wet eagle’s two black pink-crinkled feet one talon crippled. Here the image of the eagle does not seem to go well with the fleeting, delicate and fragile personality. Though this comparison is unusual, in Hindu mythology the eagle is the vehicle of the Supreme God, Vishnu. The poet associates the eagle with the female figure. There is an indication in this poem that after his father’s death, his mother assumes the role of his father. There is a little bunch of four poems around the Hindu thought. They are â€Å"A Hindoo to his body†, â€Å"The Hindoo: he doesn’t Hurt a Fly or a Spider either†, â€Å"The Hindoo: he reads his Gita and is calm at all events† and â€Å"The Hindoo: the Only Risk†. These are the poems from his first collection The Striders. These titles themselves show his strong faith in Hindu culture. The opening lines of â€Å"The Hindoo to His Body† are: ‘Dear pursuing presence,/ dear body and so on. This is an example of Hindu beliefs regarding body. (Chindhale 70-71) Immigrant writings in his poetry: His poem â€Å"Salamanders† describes the mentality of an immigrant in a foreign country. It seems that the poet deals with this poem his own experience in North America. Salamanders are really legendry creatures. The poet presents the pure image of salamanders to portray the immigrants. In the second stanza of the poem the term ‘we’ refers to the immigrants. The phrase ‘flee in panic’ expresses the status of the immigrants, who are in need to work and who wish to work hard. The poet describes the salamanders in the third stanza through the following lines: Salamanders I’d heard live in fire and drink the flame as we the air: (10-12) Like human beings breath with the help of the air for our survival, salamanders drink the flame and live in fire. The poet calls the salamanders ‘naked earthlings’. He additionally portrays its beauty through the lines : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ poor yet satin to the eye, velvet to the touch. (16,17) Ramanujan opines that immigrants are like salamanders. They are burning inside and eating fire such as tension, anxiety, urge to lead their life in foreign countries. They have flame within their heart for using the prosperity of foreign lands to lead their life. Their sad and pathetic condition of dependence of the foreign lands is explained in the poem â€Å"Salamanders†. Like the lizards waiting for the dragonflies, immigrants are waiting for their ambitions to be fulfilled. It can be viewed further as the waiting for the production of new generation. The new generation refers to the particular generations in which the new born people are going to surprise the foreigners. Here the hopelessness of the poet to have such a wonderful generation is revealed through the lines: only Hollywood aliens who know us only through legends†¦.. (33,34) Thus the poem â€Å"Salamanders† deals with the emotions and feelings of immigrants. Theme on War: His poem â€Å"Salamanders† tells the readers about the war and its worst quality. He tells the readers about the things, which cannot be happened in this world. They are revealed through the lines: yellow shade in yellow shadow, empty hub of the turning wheel, mother and father of farever unborn, obeying edicts written in smoke by war for countries hat never were- (21-25) These lines mean that there cannot be an empty hub in the turning wheel, there cannot be a yellow shade in the yellow shadow and there cannot be father and mother for the unborn child. With these illustrations Ramanujan explains that there cannot be a country where there is a war. His Poetry on Admiring Traditions: â€Å"Foundlings i n the Yukon† of Ramanujan is written carefully for adoring and admiring traditions and old age. This poem shows his great faith in ‘old’. He really respects the old age. Along with the admiration of tradition Ramanujan shows the subordination of modernized and fashionable world. His adoration of tradition is expressed through the lines: ten thousand years after their time, they took root within forty-eight hours and sprouted a candelabra of eight small leaves. (10-15) The explanation of these lines is that the six unbroken grains, which were found by the miners, were picked and planted after ten thousand years of their lifetime. It definitely shows the greatest and superior quality of the ‘old’ and tradition. The poet shows the inferior quality of modern world through the following lines: A modern Alaskan lupine, I’m told, waits three years to come to flower,†¦.. (16-20) The ancient grains start to grow with in two days where as the modern lupine waits to grow for three years. It shows the subordination of the modern period to the ancient time. The poet’s respect for old age is further revealed by the lines: older than the oldest things alive, having skipped a million falls and the registry of tree-rings, suddenly younger by a n accident of flowering(41-46). Nostalgic Experiences in his Poems: Past always hunts Ramanujan. His poetry is the poetry of restored emotions and feelings. Most of his poems are reflecting his memory. His poem â€Å"Obituary† discusses the death of his father and his own sufferings. In the beginning of the poem he has written: Father when he passed on left dust on a table full of paper left debts and daughters, (1-4) These lines express the poet’s mourning for his loneliness. He feels the pain of missing his lovable father in this poem. The following lines too tell the readers about the pathetic condition of her mother and the burden of annual ritual. They are: And he left us a changed mother and more than one annual ritual. 53-56) His poem â€Å"Three Dreams† also has certain elements of nostalgic experiences. It is about the fellowship given to him for doing research. There he thinks about his worst condition of shelter where he belonged at the time of getting that fellowship. It is shown through the lines: Before I knew it I was in a ruined house lit by rains of dust in the light sleeping through the cracks and t he broken windows. (9-13) The poet’s bad condition of the shelter at the time of getting his fellowship is ruminated by the poet in the poem â€Å"Three Dreams†. Family Relationships in his Poetry: Almost all of Ramanujan’s poems are written with his own feelings, emotions and memories. His own family life, his childhood memories, his pleasures, struggles, sufferings, love, etc are mostly the subject matters of his poetry. â€Å"Obituary† which is a poem about his own father and â€Å"Of Mothers, among Other Things†, a poem dedicated to his mother are the best examples for the elements of family relations. His poem â€Å"Relations† deals with the poet’s strong faith in family. He describes the behaviour of the family members through many of his poems. In his â€Å"Of Mothers, among Other Things† he describes his mother. For instance in the beginning of the poem the poem’s lines are: I smell upon this twisted blackbone tree the silk and white petal of my mother’s youth. (1-4) There are many more things revealed in this poem about his mother. His poem â€Å"Small reflections on a Great House† describes the festivals and ceremonies celebrated by the members of the family with the great enthusiasm. The kinship relationship between him and his family members is explained here. The following lines are the evidences: son-in-laws who quite forget their mothers, but stay to check ccounts or teach arithmetic to nieces. Indeed his family members are the characters of most of his poetry. There are plenty of words related to family relationships like ‘father’, ‘mother’, ‘grand parents’, ‘daughter’, ‘wife’, ‘grandson†, etc. they mainly do the functions of decorating ornaments in his poetry. Personal Elements in his P oetry: All of his poems discuss his personal life. He is experimental in his poetic style to give free expression to his feelings and emotions. Personally he is an Indian and does not show any kind of inclination or fascination towards English or the American poetry. Moreover he is not influenced by the modernism of English poetry. He belongs to a traditional Hindu family. He has written many poems related to Hindu mythology and Hindu faith. That projects one of his personal elements. His poem â€Å"Salamanders† is a poem which deals with his own experiences in a foreign country. There are many of his poems, in which he ruminates over his past and his childhood memories. His sufferings, his struggles, his pathos, his burdens, his pleasant memories, etc are expressed throughout his poetry. â€Å"Obituary†, â€Å"Black Hen†, â€Å"Three Dreams†, etc are some of his personal poetry.

Migrant workers are a blessing, not a burden to our society

Migrant workers are a blessing, not a burden to our society. In this essay I am going to consider and discuss the issue of migrant workers and whether it is true that they are a blessing or a burden to our society today. In schools today, pupils can be found from many different places all over the world. Each of which bring a different perspective to school life. Do you think that you would be able to go over to a country, not knowing much of their language and be expected to sit an exam at the end of the year? I will be stating points both for and against migrant workers. There are many reasons why migrant workers are seen as a blessing. One of these is that they do all the jobs that people today do not want to do, either because they are badly paid or even if they are perceived as stupid. With the migrants working over here, they can teach us a lot about a wide range of things. Such as learning different languages, about their culture and religion, about the types of music and food that is associated with their culture. They also influence others and help others find out more about what kind of a person they are by the way they act around migrants. The migrants come over to this country, as they believe that they will have a better chance at life and they believe that over here they can have a better life than what they could have in their own countries. â€Å"Everyone should be allowed to have a dream of a better life including the migrants who come to this country.† Migrants come over to our country in the hope of finding a better and more comfortable life than they had. The migrants do not only come over to help themselves, but they also come to help us. Migrant workers help do jobs and provide services that we use and take for granted on a daily basis. â€Å"Migrant workers have made an enormous contribution to the economy, helping employers with their recruitment and skills problems.† If they hadn't come over to here there would be many businesses that wouldn't still be opened today, as they wouldn't have the workers that they need to keep the business up and running. Yet at the same time the amount of migrant workers in this country can be a problem to many people. The amount of migrants living and working over here can intimidate some people. They may feel like an intruder in their own community, as there may only be a few people that have lived over here their whole lives in that area but yet have a handful of families from different parts of the world. â€Å"We are being overrun by migrants they are everywhere. I have lived in Belfast all my life and suddenly I am beginning to feel like an intruder in my own home.† The amount of migrants in one are can make people that have lived somewhere their whole life feel like they are out of place and should not be there. Also even if the migrants have been living here for a long period of time, people may still feel uncomfortable by them. If a large group of migrants are standing near you talking in their own language you may feel uncomfortable and intimidated as you don't know what they are saying or if they are talking about you. Even migrates that are helping us by taking on jobs which pay them maybe just minimum wage and providing services to others, can have a negative impact on others and the world. â€Å"Migrants are costing the UK à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 billion a year through their impact on crime, housing and on our already stretched public services.† The migrants come over to the UK to get jobs and gain skills, they are helping us but yet at the same time they are taking away jobs that the people from over here should be doing. Overall I think than migrants are a good thing. As they are helping us and our society as well as giving themselves a better life. They help provide a serv1ices to us; they do the jobs we don't want to do. Yet people make them feel like outcasts and that they should leave all because they have a different skin colour or speak a different language.

The Journey To Become Pope Francis

The Journey To Become Pope Francis Pope Francis is noted for his humility,  dedication to the poor, and commitment to inter-faith dialogue.   He is revered as one of the most popular spiritual leaders of today.   While a resume is likely not part of the papal election process,we researched his career path and composed a resume to illustrate  Pope Francis’ journey to becoming the Pontiff.   Jorge Mario BergoglioSan Roberto Bellarmino. Rome ItalyTheological EducationSalesian School                                                                                                                                                                                                   1980Mentorship under Ukranian Greek Priest Stefan CzmilAwoke hours before class to serve Mass for CzmilCollege Maximo de San Jose                                                                                                                                                            Ã‚  Ã‚  1960  Licentiate in PhilosophyInmaculada Concepcion Seminary                                                                                                                                             Ã‚  1958Studied HumanitiesSecular EducationEscuela Tecnica Industrial No. 27 Hipolito Yrigoyen                                                                                               Ã‚  1954Chemical Technician’s Diploma  Employment AccomplishmentsSan Roberto Bellarmino –  Cardinal-Priest      Ã‚                                                                                                                    Ã‚  2001Awarded cardinal by Pope John Paul IIAppointed to five administrative positions within the Roman CuriaParticipated in 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVIBuenos Aires, Agentina – Auxiliary Bishop                                                                                                                         1992Ordained as Tituar Bishop of Acua serving as principal consecratorCelebrated Holy Thursday washing feet in jails, hospitals, retirement homes and slumsSociety of Jesus of Agentina – Provincial Superior   Ã‚                                                                                                  1973Supervised institutes within province and presided over  deliberationsEnsured orders of the General Chapter and S uperior General were properly carried outFacultades de Filosofia y Teologia de San Miguel                                                                                                        Ã‚  1969Ordained to priesthoodServed as master of novices for province and taught as professor of theologyColegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion – High School teacher                                                                          1960Taught psychology and literatureFostered growth and development of teenagers through lectures and discussionBuenos Aires Nightclub – Bouncer                                                                                                                                              1956Checked IDs and monitored front of house for trou ble makersSwept floors, maintained cleanliness and janitorial dutiesHickethier-Bachmann Laborary   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   Lab Technician                                                                                                Ã‚  1952Ran tests in food section of chemical laboratoryAnalyzed and reported test results

14th Century Italian Paintings of Religious Iconography Essay

14th Century Italian Paintings of Religious Iconography - Essay Example The essay "14th Century Italian Paintings of Religious Iconography" analyzes the Religious Iconography in 14th Century Italian Paintings. The work is tempera on a panel, and thus absorbs the grain of the panel in a way that contributes to the overall feel and texture of the piece and depiction. There appears to be an effort by the artist to create an ethnic look in the depictions, rather than the later works, especially those of the 16th century, which have a very â€Å"Italian† look about the subjects. The grain of the panel, itself aged with time, transfers that effect to the depiction. That the materials used are tempera as opposed to oil, does not take away from the artist’s ability to create the brilliance of the Assumption, however, it is noted that that brilliance is accomplished with the use of gold and yellow as opposed to the actual brilliance of light that can be achieved used oil on canvas. The color of the blues, yellow, and red against the gold, and the sk illed hand of the artist create panels that extraordinary to see. Close examination of the panel shows that there is some deterioration of the original work, especially in the image of Christ and one of the many angels looking over the ascending Virgin. Still, the grain of the panel itself adds an aged dimension, which probably cannot be accomplished using oil on canvas. Certainly the detail of the work is worthwhile too, in that it depicts the physical body of the Virgin receiving the traditional rites as suggested by Christian.

Enhancing Employability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Enhancing Employability - Assignment Example Unlike other industrial sectors that require immense capital to invest in, this sector of business comprises of small businesses, which require less amount of minimum capital in order to invest in. This means that even college student after getting through with their course work are capable of acquiring capital and investing in small businesses. Throughout my entire life, I have always wished to invest in self-employment, since it will allow me to work under my own conditions and rules. I have also wished to create a less formal working condition for fresh graduates. Additionally, I want to invest in a business sector that provides more than better services to the community. In this paper will, therefore, detail my qualifications, analyze my job skills/opportunities verses my skills, and justify my career choice. Methodology In the Business and Administration class students are always divided into small groups comprising of seven students each. Apart from discussions and assignment w orks, the groups are also charged with the task of coming up with available business opportunities they are interested in, at the end of the course. From the discussion groups, students are expected to list all the available business opportunities that are available in the current local and global markets and discuss the requirements required for each job opportunity. From here, each student is also expected to select one of the business opportunities they have described in their group, and justify why he or she is interested in that area of business opportunity. From the business opportunities described in my group, I decided to choose the self-employment opportunities available in the small business management and administration. In order to understand the requirements needed...